Site Contents for Secrets of International Trade

Tariff Barriers

"these barriers represent an extra cost of doing business that can be built into the price"

1. Tariff barriers and

2. Non-tariff barriers, both includes import quotas, exchange controls, and other obstacles to trade.

In some cases, these barriers effectively prevent the exporter from selling its goods in that foreign country.

In other cases, they represent an extra cost of doing business that can be built into the export price.

A tariff : Is a tax levied by the foreign government on goods imported into that country (or import duty).

The tariff increases the price at which the goods are sold in the importing country and therefore makes them less competitive with locally produced goods.

Page 4/11 Free Trade Zone, Bonded Warehouses GATT now known as WTO

Non-Tariff Barriers

The various types of non-tariff barriers (or NTB) that impede the flow of international trade include consist of: 

import quotas, exchange controls, customs delays, government purchasing policies, subsidies, customs calculation procedures, boycotts, technical barriers, bribes and voluntary restraints.

Additional steps are continuously being taken through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT or now referred to as WTO World Trade Organization since 1995, to reduce trade barriers to imports from non-members.
 

Types of Tariffs

A tariff may be one of the following four kinds:

Page 6/11 Trading Blocks, common tariff barrier &  European Economic Community

Page 7/11 ASEM Members
APEC -Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
AABF Africa-Asia Business Forum CHOGM

Page 8/11 Exchange control and 'import quotas' together with 'tariffs' are the main form of protectionism

Page 9/11 - France, once required Japanese video
players be cleared through a tiny Customs office with horrendous delays.

Page 10/11 APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - This huge regional trade group from 21 nations accounts for more than half of the world's economic output and 42% of its population.

Page 11/11 The ASEAN Economic Community represents a huge market with a combined population of one 600 million people.

In some countries (such as Switzerland, Venezuela and Colombia) most specific duties are levied on gross weight, whatever the nature of the goods.

4. Compound duties
Are imposed on manufactured goods that contain raw materials that are themselves subject to import duty. The "specific" part of the compound duty (called compensatory duty) is levied as protection for the local raw material industry.

Dutiable Weights

Depending on the country, the Dutiable weights used to calculate specific import duties may be the gross weight, the legal weight, or the net weight.

The dutiable weight is the actual weight upon which duty must be paid.

The gross weight is the weight of the goods and all interior, exterior containers and packing material.

The legal weight (used mainly by Latin American countries) is the weight of the goods and of the immediate interior containers.

The net weight is the weight of the goods without the packing materials. However, in a few countries, it is defined as including the weight of the immediate container.

Very often, there is a fixed percentage allowance (called the tare) used by the customs authorities for determining gross weight from net weight, and vice-versa. Most countries using specific duties employ different types of dutiable weights for difference commodities.

Next Page 2/11 - About Tariff Lists, Dutiable Value and Anti Dumping Duties "Anti-dumping are additional duties to match the difference between prices..."

 

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